Description

General Overview

Adderall XR (extended-release) is a prescription medication used primarily for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It is a central nervous system stimulant that combines amphetamine salts to enhance focus, attention, and impulse control in individuals with ADHD. Its extended-release formulation provides a prolonged effect, making it suitable for managing symptoms throughout the day.

Active Ingredients

Adderall XR contains a combination of four different amphetamine salts:

1. Dextroamphetamine Saccharate
2. Amphetamine Aspartate Monohydrate
3. Dextroamphetamine Sulfate
4. Amphetamine Sulfate

This combination allows for a balanced stimulant effect, improving both hyperactivity and attention deficit symptoms.

Mechanism of Action

Adderall XR works by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, primarily dopamine and norepinephrine. These neurotransmitters play key roles in attention, focus, and impulse control. By enhancing the activity of these chemicals, Adderall XR helps to normalize brain function in individuals with ADHD and reduces symptoms of narcolepsy.

Indications

Adderall XR is indicated for:

• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): To improve symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity in children and adults.
• Narcolepsy: To help manage excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks.

Dosage and Administration

• ADHD: The typical starting dose for children is 5 mg once daily, with gradual increases as needed. For adults, the usual starting dose is 10 mg once daily. The dose can be adjusted up to a maximum of 30 mg or 40 mg per day, depending on the individual’s response and tolerability.
• Narcolepsy: Dosing for narcolepsy generally follows a similar regimen, with adjustments based on patient needs.

Adderall XR should be taken in the morning to avoid insomnia. It is available in capsule form, which can be swallowed whole or opened to sprinkle the contents on applesauce if necessary.

Side Effects

Common side effects include:

• Gastrointestinal: Loss of appetite, weight loss, dry mouth, nausea, and abdominal pain.
• Central Nervous System: Insomnia, headache, dizziness, nervousness, and anxiety.
• Cardiovascular: Increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and palpitations.

Serious side effects may include:

• Cardiovascular Issues: Rare but severe effects like heart attack, stroke, or severe hypertension.
• Psychiatric Symptoms: New or worsening mental health issues such as aggression, hallucinations, or mania.
• Growth Suppression: Long-term use in children may affect growth; regular monitoring is recommended.